even more pedantic, the more mass in the drive chain always increases load. all tweaks seem insignificant but added together. the friction doesn't change as it is always one tooth leading and one releasing.
E = 1/2 I * w squared
E = rotational energy I = moment of inertia for the mass w = angular velocity
if sprocket diameter is increased then I is increased, therefore more energy required to accelerate or decelerate the load. In addition, there is also more chain.
if you calculate the difference in I for both engine sprockets and axle sprockets. assume 8:1 and use 2000 and 16000 rpm converted to w. you can determine a fair estimate of the extra energy stored in the sprockets. which obviously come from the engine. further weigh the chains and work out how many m/s the chain is travelling at. from there p=wd/t and for acceleration f=ma....good luck
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